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The C-rate is defined as the current in use divided by the theoretical current under which the battery would deliver its nominal rated capacity in one hour. This is typically done at a set C-rate, representing the rate of current supplied (charge) or current drawn (discharge) relative to its maximum capacity. The static capacity test starts by taking a battery from an unknown SOC to 100% SOC per the manufacturer's charging instructions. The test profile itself comprises two sections:įigure 1: Test profile comprised of static capacity and HPPC tests Static Capacity Test This profile mimics the discharge and charge that can occur on hybrid EVs during acceleration and regenerative breaking. A discharge pulse is a relatively short load drawn on the battery, and a regeneration pulse is a relatively short charge to the battery. It is a test profile that incorporates both discharge and regeneration pulses that take place at various states of charge (SOC), and which can be performed under various temperature stressors and current loads. This testing determines battery power capability over the cell’s usable voltage range. HPPC testing is a methodology used to determine the dynamic performance characteristics of a battery. Watch the HPPC Testing for ECM Modeling and Battery Reliability webinar to learn more. Hybrid pulse power characterization (HPPC) testing can be applied to determine the dynamic performance over the usable voltage ranges of the cell - resulting in accurate battery parameter identification to create robust battery models for simulation. Replicating these use environments and capturing the dynamic behavior of the battery in test is key to accurately modeling the performance of the battery. The ECM parameter identification requires test data that covers the dynamic range of the battery operating conditions. The commonly used model for such applications is the battery equivalent circuit model (ECM), which is an electrical representation of the charging and discharging characteristics using a set of resistors and capacitors with a voltage source and current. To test for battery reliability, battery parameters must be identified.
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The seller will arrange the return pick up for these items.įor seller-fulfilled items from Sports collectibles and Entertainment collectibles categories, the sellers need to be informed of the damage / defect within 10 days of delivery.According to BloombergNEF, by 2040 over half of all passenger vehicle sales will be electric. These items are not eligible for self-return.
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Note: For seller fulfilled items from Books, Movies & TV Shows categories, the sellers need to be informed of the damage/ defect within 14 days of delivery.įor seller-fulfilled items from Fine Art category, the sellers need to be informed of the damage / defect within 10 days of delivery. Learn more about returning seller fulfilled items.
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If you do not receive a response from the seller for your return request within two business days, you can submit an A-to-Z Guarantee claim. If you’ve received a seller-fulfilled product in a condition that is damaged, defective or different from its description on the product detail page on Amazon.in, returns are subject to the seller's approval of the return.
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The return timelines for seller-fulfilled items sold on Amazon.in are equivalent to the return timelines mentioned above for items fulfilled by Amazon.